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today) | religion = Roman Catholicism | spouse =James Joseph Brown (m. 1886–1922; his death) | children =2 | parents =John Tobin (1823–1899) Johanna Tobin (1825–1905) | signature = | website = | footnotes= }} Margaret Brown (née Tobin) (July 18, 1867 – October 26, 1932) was an American socialite, philanthropist, and activist who became famous because of her survival of the 1912 sinking of the RMS ''Titanic'', after exhorting the crew of to return to look for survivors. It is unclear whether any survivors were found after Lifeboat No. 6 returned to search.〔''Titanic: A Night Remembered'', Stephanie L. Barczewski, 2004, (page 30 ).〕 She became known after her death as "The Unsinkable Molly Brown", although during her life, her friends called her "Maggie". A 1960 Broadway musical based on her life was produced, along with a 1964 film adaptation of the musical. Both were titled ''The Unsinkable Molly Brown''. ==Early life== Born Margaret Tobin in a three-bedroom cottage, near the Mississippi River in Hannibal, Missouri, on what is now known as Denkler's alley. Her parents were Irish Catholic immigrants John Tobin (1823–1899) and Johanna Tobin (1825–1905). Her siblings were Daniel Tobin (born 1863), Michael Tobin (born 1866), William Tobin (born 1869), and Helen Tobin (born 1871). Brown had two half-sisters: Catherine Bridget Tobin (born 1856), by her father's first marriage, and Mary Ann Collins (born 1857), by her mother's first marriage. Both her mother and father had been widowed young. At age 18, Margaret Tobin relocated to Leadville, Colorado, with her siblings Daniel Tobin, Mary Ann Collins Landrigan and her husband John Landrigan; she and her brother Daniel shared a two-bedroom log cabin, and she found a job in a department store. In Leadville she met and married James Joseph Brown (1854–1922), nicknamed "J.J.", an enterprising, self-educated man. His parents, too, had emigrated from Ireland.〔(Molly Brown ) dans l'Encyclopedia Titanica〕 Brown had always planned to marry a rich man but she married J.J. for love. She said, Margaret and J.J. were married in Leadville's Annunciation Church on September 1, 1886.〔 The Browns had two children: * Lawrence Palmer Brown (known as Larry), was born on August 30, 1887. He married Hannah Elizabeth Horton (1890–1985) on January 1, 1911, in Kansas City, Missouri. They had two children: Lawrence Palmer "Pat" Brown, Jr. (1911–1976) and Eileen Elizabeth "Betty" Brown (1913–1974). The marriage failed and Larry married Hollywood Actress, Mildred Gregory (1895–1956) on November 17, 1926 in Beverly Hills, California. This marriage produced no other children. Larry died on April 2, 1949. * Catherine Ellen Brown (known as Helen), was born on July 22, 1889. She married George Joseph Peter Adelheid Benziger (1877– 1970) on April 7, 1913 in Chicago, Illinois. Her children were James George Benziger (1914–1995) and George Peter Joseph Adelrich Benziger (1917–1985). Her grandchildren include Bradford Benziger (born December 13, 1944), Katherine Benziger (born July 12, 1947) and Vincent Benziger (born August 3, 1950). Helen died on October 17, 1969. The Brown family acquired great wealth when in 1893 J.J.'s mining engineering efforts proved instrumental in the production of a substantial ore seam at the Little Jonny Mine of his employers, Ibex Mining Company, and he was awarded 12,500 shares of stock and a seat on the board. In Leadville, Margaret helped by working in soup kitchens to assist miners' families. In 1894, the Browns bought a $30,000 Victorian mansion in Denver, Colorado, U.S., and in 1897 they built a summer house, Avoca Lodge in Southwest Denver near Bear Creak, which gave the family more social opportunities. Margaret became a charter member of the Denver Woman's Club, whose mission was the improvement of women's lives by continuing education and philanthropy. Adjusting to the trappings of a society lady, Brown became well-immersed in the arts and fluent in French, German, Italian, and Russian. Brown co-founded a branch in Denver of the Alliance Française to promote her love of French culture.〔Iversen, p. 34〕 After 23 years of marriage, Margaret and J.J. privately signed a separation agreement in 1909. Although they never reconciled, they continued to communicate and cared for each other throughout their lives. The agreement gave Margaret a cash settlement and she maintained possession of the house on Pennsylvania Street in Denver, and the summer house, Avoca Lodge in Southwest Denver near Bear Creek. She also received a $700 monthly allowance (equivalent to $ today) to continue her travels and social work. Brown assisted in the fund-raising for Denver's Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception which was completed in 1911. She worked with Judge Ben Lindsey to help destitute children and establish the United States' first juvenile court which helped form the basis of the modern U.S. juvenile courts system. Brown ran for Senate again in 1914 but ended her campaign to return to France to work with the American Committee for Devastated France during WWI. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Margaret Brown」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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